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As the dark, damp November days start to draw in, Chancellor Jeremy Hunt’s Autumn Statement seems oddly appropriate with its stark tax forecast. A contrast to the bright and breezy mini-budget tax cutting exercise in September. This budget with spending cuts and higher tax brings us down to earth with a much darker outlook in the face of impending recession.
Autumn statement impacts for individuals
Income Tax
The current income tax personal allowance of £12,570 will now remain frozen at this level until April 2028 (rather than 2026 as previously planned).
The threshold for the 45% additional rate tax has been reduced from £150,000 to £125,140. This will also be frozen until 2028.
This means as wages increase to keep up with inflation and cost of living over the next 5-6 years, a larger portion of the wages are taxed. At the higher earner end, more will be taxed at 45%.
Capital Gains tax
The annual exempt amount for capital gains will decrease from the current level of £12,300 to only £3,000 by 2024-25.
2022-23: £12,300
2023-24: £6,000
2024-25: £3,000
Lower thresholds will mean that more gains need to be reported, either because tax is due, or because proceeds are more than 4 times the annual exempt amount.
Dividends
The current level of £2,000 dividends that can be taken without tax will decrease to only £500 by 2024-25.
The tax-free amount for dividends was put in place in April 2016 when the tax rules for dividends changed. It was seen as a compromise measure at the time and there has been much speculation as to how long it would last.
2022-23: £2,000
2023-24: £1,000
2024-25: £500
This is on top of the existing dividend tax rate increases that look place in 2022-23, when all rates of dividend tax increased by 1.25%. The combination of these factors will increase the tax burden for company directors who take the majority of their income in dividends or people who rely heavily on investment income.
Benefits and Support
The State Pension, Universal Credit and some other benefits will rise in line with September’s inflation rate of 10.1%.
Help with energy bills will continue to some extent but will be less generous after April 2023.
Other personal tax impacts
Inheritance tax band nil rate freeze until 2027-28.
Electric cars no longer exempt from vehicle excise duty from April 2025.
Stamp duty cuts announced in the September mini-budget will only remain in place until April 2025.
Local councils can increase Council Tax by up to 5% without a local vote rather than 3% as currently
Autumn statement impacts for business
Employers
The National Living wage for over 23 year olds will increase from £9.50 to £10.42 from April 2023.
The employers NIC threshold will be frozen at its current rate of £8,788 until April 2026
Employment allowance remains at current rate of £5,000
This is another freeze that will result in larger employer national insurance bills as wages rise.
Research and Development
Small to medium enterprises will get less generous R&D tax relief from April 2023. The deduction rate for the Research and Development (R&D) SME scheme is being cut to 86% and the credit rate to 10% as an attempt to combat abuse and fraud in R&D tax relief. This is a significant reduction from the current deduction rate of 130% and credit rate of 14.5%.
On the other hand, larger companies have a more positive outlook. Research and Development Expenditure Credit (RDEC) rate will increase from 13% to 20%. This is the scheme applicable to larger enterprises.
Other business tax impacts
The VAT registration threshold frozen at the current level of £85,000.
Windfall tax on energy companies has been increased from 25% to 35% until 2028
Summary
This budget was a painful but necessary exercise to try and combat the national budget deficit and very few taxes are actively going up. But with reductions or freezes to tax free or exempt amounts, in the face of a recession and cost of living crisis, it’s still a chilly proposition.